Vijaydurg is recognised not only as an ancient sea fortress but also as the site where helium was discovered
Maharashtra’s Vijaydurg Fort, a symbol of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s naval prowess, has gained new global attention. It is recognised not only as an ancient sea fortress but also as the site where helium was discovered—a legacy now proudly on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
At the recent 47th World Heritage Committee session in Paris, Vijaydurg joined twelve other Indian forts acknowledged for their historical and scientific importance. Situated at the mouth of the Vaghotan River in Sindhudurg district, Vijaydurg’s significance extends beyond its formidable triple-layered sea walls and bastions.
While many forts highlight royal battles and architectural brilliance, Vijaydurg holds a unique place in scientific history. Historians note that during the total solar eclipse of 1898, French astronomers Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer set up camp at this coastal fort, considering it the closest point on Earth to the Sun during the eclipse. Using spectroscopes, they observed the Sun’s atmosphere from specially constructed telescope platforms within the fort. Their efforts led to the discovery of helium, now the second-most abundant element in the universe.
Local historian Ranjit Hirlekar stated, “It was a defining moment for global science, beginning right on the ramparts of this historic Maratha sea fort. To this day, scientists from India’s Atomic Research Centre visit Vijaydurg and respectfully refer to it as the ‘birthplace of helium’.”
Hirlekar further commented, “Vijaydurg Fort is not just a marvel of military architecture but a living testament to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s visionary leadership, maritime foresight, and scientific legacy. Its inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List is a matter of pride for Maharashtra and an acknowledgement of India’s glorious and enduring heritage on the global stage.”