Iran is wagering it can outlast the United States and Israel–not militarily, but by grinding the war into a brutal contest of endurance. Its strategy is stark: Unleash drones and missiles, cut vital energy routes and jolt global markets hard enough to force Washington to blink first.
Despite the shock of the U.S.–Israeli strikes and the loss of key figures, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC)–long the ultimate guardian of the Islamic Republic — is firmly in control, directing the battlefield, executing pre-planned contingencies and dictating strategy and targets in the war.
The IRGC also played the decisive role in elevating Mojtaba Khamenei as supreme leader after Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was killed in the opening U.S.–Israeli strikes.
“For them, they are waging an existential fight. This is an all-out war,” said Fawaz Gerges of the London School of Economics. “They believe their very survival is at stake. They’re willing to bring the temple down on everyone’s heads.”Alex Vatanka, a senior fellow at the Middle East Institute and expert on Iranian politics, added: “They’re like a bleeding animal– wounded, but therefore more dangerous than ever.”
That all-out war mindset is behind Iran’s escalating strikes across the Gulf, targeting energy hubs from Qatar to Saudi Arabia to maximise economic disruption in a calculated attempt to drive up costs for its neighbours, Europe and the United States and test Washington’s political will.
U.S. President Donald Trump told Republican lawmakers on Monday the war would continue until Iran is “totally and decisively defeated” but predicted it would be over soon.
He added that once the United States is done with the military operation against Iran, Tehran will not have any weapons against the United States, Israel and U.S. allies for a long time.
Iranian insiders say this escalation was anticipated long before the war began 11 days ago. Iranian planners assumed confrontation with Washington and Israel was inevitable, and prepared a layered strategy coordinated across the Guards’ sprawling military networks and proxy forces.
Now, with little left to lose, Iran is executing that plan and turning the conflict into a grinding war of attrition aimed at exhausting its adversaries politically and economically.
Mojtaba’s selection as supreme leader, insiders say, proves the Guards’ dominance as kingmakers. They say the balance of power has shifted. The supreme leader holds the title, but the future of the Islamic Republic, and the authority of the clerical establishment itself, now depends on whether the Guards can weather the storm unleashed by the U.S.-Israeli campaign.
HOW LONG?
But a critical unknown in the war, says Mohannad Hage Ali, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Middle East Center, is how long the Guards can sustain its missile campaign, the backbone of its strategy against its adversaries.
U.S. officials say a large share of Iran’s arsenal has already been destroyed, but regional sources say Tehran may still retain more than half its pre-war stockpile. If that estimate holds, Iran could keep launching missiles for several more weeks, a timeframe that could prove significant for Washington as economic pressure mounts at home and abroad.
The Guards’ reach also extends far beyond the battlefield as it reshapes daily life. An Iranian observer said goods that once sat for weeks at ports are now cleared immediately. Paperwork comes later.
Officials described that as preparation for a war economy, ensuring supply lines keep moving under pressure, while also consolidating the IRGC’s control over the state and asserting continuity of governance.
Equally critical is internal stability. So far, there are no signs of protests, elite defections or fractures within the establishment, according to observers and contacts inside Iran.
An insider in Tehran described a city under bombardment but still functioning. “The windows shake day and night,” the person said. “But life goes on.” Shops and banks remain open, supplies are available and most residents have not fled the capital.
The attacks, however, may be producing an effect opposite to what Washington and Israel intended, he noted. Despite long-standing grievances with the government, a surge of national solidarity is taking hold as strikes hit infrastructure and the possibility of internal insurgencies is openly discussed.
“People are not prepared for Iran to disintegrate,” the source said.
For now, that sentiment may be buying the leadership time. “I don’t know if the regime will survive in the long term,” he added. “But for the next couple of weeks, it will not collapse.”
WHO WILL BLINK FIRST?
For strategists on both sides, the war is increasingly defined by two parallel tests of endurance: whether Iran can keep firing missiles and whether the United States and Israel can sustain the economic, military and political costs of stopping them.
“The big question is who blinks first in this all‑out war—Donald Trump or Iran’s leaders?” Gerges said.
By driving up energy prices and spreading financial pain across Western economies, Tehran hopes the pressure will force a U.S. retreat.
Early signs are that the effects are already biting. Oil prices are spiking, gas costs are rising and political unease is growing in Washington as the economic fallout collides with November midterm elections.
