Russia has become the first country in the world to formally recognize Afghanistan’s Taliban government. This improves the radical group’s standing on the world stage, and puts pressure on the West to follow suit.
“This brave decision will be an example for others.” With these words, Amir Khan Muttaqi, foreign minister in Afghanistan’s Taliban government, welcomed the announcement by Russia that it was officially recognizing the Taliban as the legitimate government of Afghanistan.
The Afghan Foreign Ministry wrote on X that this would be the start of “a new phase of positive relations, mutual respect, and constructive engagement.” It also posted a video of the meeting in Kabul between Russia’s ambassador to Afghanistan, Dmitry Zhirnov, and Muttaqi, in which Muttaqi declares: “Now that the process of recognition has started, Russia was ahead of everyone.”
Economic interests
Afghanistan expert Conrad Schetter, the director of the Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies (bicc), commented that Russia may have very specific reasons for recognizing the Taliban. It may, he told DW, have considerable interests in establishing economic ties with Afghanistan, not least as a potential hub for trade with Asia. Russia has been under international sanctions since the start of the war in Ukraine.
The Washington-based Carnegie Endowment for International Peace drew the same conclusion in a study published in 2024. “Russian officials have again begun speaking about using Afghanistan as a transit hub — for exporting Russian natural gas to India, and other goods to ports in Pakistan,” it said. “However, this requires a gas pipeline to be built through the mountains, and a railroad, which currently ends at Mazar-i-Sharif at the Uzbek border, to be extended.”
Until now, the construction of a railroad from Russia to Pakistan via the countries of Central Asia and Afghanistan has been nothing more than a pipe dream. If it were built, it would give Russia direct access to the Indian Ocean.
According to a study by the consultancy SpecialEurasia published on Friday, Moscow is hoping that its formal recognition of Afghanistan means it will become a major supplier and economic partner for the country “by expanding trade in oil, gas, and wheat, and by collaborating on infrastructure, energy, and agriculture projects.”
Schetter believes that Moscow wants to be the trendsetter in establishing a new way of dealing with Afghanistan, and that this is probably also a major factor in the decision. “They’re now hoping that other countries under authoritarian rule will follow suit,” he says. “With this step, they want to assume a leading role among the autocratic states. This too is probably a significant motivation behind this decision.”
Pressure on the West
While Russia is the first country to recognize the Taliban officially, others, mostly countries under authoritarian rule, have maintained relations with the Taliban for some time. The Chinese embassy in Kabul is still open, for example, and meetings between the two countries have taken place at ministerial level. Iran also maintains diplomatic contacts with the Taliban, and it too has an embassy in Kabul.
Pakistan has a close relationship with Afghanistan, despite political tensions caused by the activities of Sunni extremists along the border between the two countries. The region is seen as a breeding ground for extremist and terrorist activity around the world. The forced mass exodus of ethnic Afghans from Pakistan to Afghanistan shows the extent to which the two countries actually cooperate.
Qatar is acting as an intermediary between the Taliban government and the West, and the 2020 Agreement between the US and Taliban governments that regulated the withdrawal of US troops was signed in Doha.
Schetter comments that if these countries were to follow the Russian example, it would put considerable political pressure on Western states to do the same. “These states would then have to consider their attitude toward the Taliban. And this is precisely what could create a diplomatic dynamic that the Taliban now, because of this latest move by Russia, are more hopeful for.”
Source: https://www.dw.com/en/afghanistan-russia-recognizes-the-taliban-government/a-73162697